Differential-Mode Characterization of Multi-Port Passives up to 170GHz Using Independent Single-Ended Two-Port Measurements

Fully differential measurements in D-band (110–170GHz) are challenging due to the absence of differential multi-port measurement equipment. This work presents a methodology to enable full differential-mode characterization up to 170GHz exploiting consecutive single-ended measurements. The measurement methodology is experimentally validated by multi-sample characterization of a differential 4-port quadrature hybrid designed in 22nm FDSOI technology.