Quantum-Centric Supercomputing and the Challenges Ahead

The next evolutionary wave of quantum computing will be quantum-centric supercomputers, bringing modular architectures of quantum processors together with classical computing infrastructure and communication orchestrated together with a serverless middleware. Hardware challenges within include driving cost effective and modular solutions to various infrastructural elements, such as the cryogenics, microwave control electronics, and high-density microwave signal delivery and interconnects. Addressing these challenges as well as careful consideration of the overall system architecture and how it interfaces with traditional high performance computation will form the backbone by which quantum computers will be consumed and used in the years to come.